This timely book examines the role played by regional authorities in the EU in the transition towards renewable energy. Drawing on both academia and practice, the expert contributors explore some of the key legal questions that have emerged along the e
Half the worlds new electric generating capacity added each year from 2008 onwards has been renewable, mainly now in developing countries. So is the quarter-trillion dollars a year of private investment in modern renewable energy. Organizations like REN21 and Bloomberg New Energy Finance track exciting and accelerating recent progress. But to understand how these renewable energy efforts in major developing countries have been structured and are evolving requires a guidebook with a legal and institutional perspective. Energy veteran Richard Ottinger and his Pace Law School graduate students from many key countries have now provided that guideclearly written, well-organized, and a great public service. Amory B. Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute, US Richard Ottinger, a pioneer in the development of national policy to promote renewable energy in the US, and his Pace Law School research assistants have created a unique piece of work on the legal and policy issues behind the global growth of renewable energy. Their book is indispensable as a text for law professors and students and as the definitive reference for lawyers and policymakers about developing and emerging country policies driving renewable energy use around the world. The fact that most of the research assistants are natives of the countries on which they researched and wrote their respective chapters gives the book uniquely credible insights into the legal and policy challenges faced by these countries, providing valuable lessons for others wanting to build renewable energy capacity in their own countries. Robert Noun, Former Executive Director of Public Affairs, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Adjunct Professor, University of Denver Sturm College of Law, US This book is unique in the literature on renewable energy law and policy. Firstly, it focuses on developing countries which means it fills the gap in international literature currently lacking on law and policy on renewable energy in developing countries. Secondly, it applies a basic uniform analysis method to each of the case studies. This makes the results of the case studies considerably comparable. Finally, based on the introduction to the related laws, policies and projects of the target countries, the author summarizes their experience and lessons. It is these summaries that reflect the purpose and value of this book. Wang Xi, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China This is a unique book written by one of the leading scholars in the field. It uses detailed case studies to analyze the successes, failures and challenges of renewable energy initiatives in developing and emerging countries. Incorporating the insights and perspectives of researchers who come from the respective countries covered, the study compares some of the most exciting success stories, including: Chinas meteoric rise from near zero use of renewable energy to being the world leader in solar thermal, solar photovoltaic and wind energy; Brazils success in becoming the worlds top ethanol producer and exporter; and Indias pioneering use of a hedge plant to produce biodiesel and its use of animal and human wastes for rural electrification. The book also describes Indonesias disastrous palm oil program which cut down its forests and excavated its peat bogs. It concludes that good leadership is the largest factor in success, but that it is also critical to include public participation, training, transparency, environmental consideration, fair labor practices, protection against exploitation and enforcement. This book is designed to be helpful to other countries seeking to initiate renewable energy programs. It will appeal to local administrators and policymakers, field personnel from UN agencies and NGOs, and renewable energy funders, as well as to academic researchers.
The EU has embarked upon a fundamental change in the direction of its energy policy, with the agreement by the European Council of the 20-20-20 targets, all by 2020. The new legislative framework presently being finalized to put this in practice will have profound effects on all those active in the energy industry. Achieving a 20% share of renewables in the EU's energy mix will require massive investments and an increase by roughly ten times the level of wind and solar energy presently installed in Europe today. This all creates huge challenges and opportunities for EU businesses. A full understanding of support schemes, obligations, and planning requirements is vital for both the industry and its advisors. This volume provides a complete working guide to the new EU legislation. It includes: the economic, environmental, and energy security rationale underpinning the new proposals * national renewable targets, levels, and enforcements mechanism * the trading of renewable energy credits and guarantees of origin * biofuels: obligations, sustainability, and the Fuel Quality Directive * grid access rules/priority access in practice * the EU's electricity grid: how will it need to evolve to incorporate the new renewable electricity.
Renewable Energy Law and Policy covers the aspects of most renewable energy deals, including issues pertaining to structuring, real estate, finance, land use, contracts, environmental, corporate, tax, and securities law. As this nascent industry matures, and technology makes it increasingly more efficient to create electricity from the sun, wind, and geothermal resources, lawyers have begun seeing an increase in questions from landowners, project developers and non-renewable energy producers that are looking to grow in, or break into, the renewable energy sector. Legislators have also taken notice of the unprecedented potential and real growth over the last decade. This book helps practitioners, students, and laypeople navigate the complex and ever changing landscape of this new area of law. It was written to help the reader deal with this evolving reality by explaining the dynamics of the industry and the existing and developing regulatory and competitive environment. Among the important areas addressed are the following: • Legal and policy issues that impact the development, implementation and commercialization of renewable energy projects. • Structuring, land use, siting, and finance issues encountered by developers of renewable energy projects. • Investing in renewable energy projects. • Renewable energy development in other countries. • Building a renewable energy project. • Selling renewable energy. • Tips for drafting and negotiating key renewable energy documents.
Renewable Energy Law and Policy covers the aspects of most renewable energy deals, including issues pertaining to structuring, real estate, finance, land use, contracts, environmental, corporate, tax, and securities law. As this nascent industry matures, and technology makes it increasingly more efficient to create electricity from the sun, wind, and geothermal resources, lawyers have begun seeing an increase in questions from landowners, project developers and non-renewable energy producers that are looking to grow in, or break into, the renewable energy sector. Legislators have also taken notice of the unprecedented potential and real growth over the last decade. This book helps practitioners, students, and laypeople navigate the complex and ever changing landscape of this new area of law. It was written to help the reader deal with this evolving reality by explaining the dynamics of the industry and the existing and developing regulatory and competitive environment. Among the important areas addressed are the following: • Legal and policy issues that impact the development, implementation and commercialization of renewable energy projects. • Structuring, land use, siting, and finance issues encountered by developers of renewable energy projects. • Investing in renewable energy projects. • Renewable energy development in other countries. • Building a renewable energy project. • Selling renewable energy. • Tips for drafting and negotiating key renewable energy documents.
This book is about environmental and climate legal protection in the energy transition. The Paris Agreement has a binding commitment of holding the global temperature increase to 2°C while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. To cope with the negative effects of climate changes and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, one of the primary responses has been the deployment of renewable energy sources, transiting from fossil fuels to sustainable electricity production. However, renewable energy sources can also cause significant environmental impacts. Wind energy, for instance, can impact biodiversity, such as birds and bats, killing them when colliding with turbines and affecting their migration and nesting. This results in conflicts in environmental law. This book questions whether, in the energy transition, the generation of electricity from renewable sources to protect the climate is compatible with the protection of the environment, both interests in environmental law. To address this question, this book follows a legal-environmental perspective and assesses the common problem of solving those internal environmental conflicts in Brazilian and German law to understand and compare whether and how both legal systems solve the conflicts by compatibilizing the protection of the climate with other environmental interests. The legal analysis focuses on land-use planning and environmental licensing, assessing similarities and differences, and evaluating the results, identifying what one country can learn from the other.
This second edition's core objective is to provide a complete overview of the relevance of renewable energy in all EU Member States and the developments in these countries over time. To give an even broader perspective, contributions focused on some non-EU countries - like the US, Switzerland, and China - are also included. Not only are development plans and requirements by the State and other authorities included in this volume, but it also includes: legislative requirements for renewable energy * support mechanisms * grid access rules * grid code * supervision of the renewable energy sector * overview of planning * construction and operation * use of specific structural and cohesion funds for renewable energy project development.
The law of renewable energies has always been subject to change. In an inspiring workshop, European energy experts exchanged their ideas on the limits of national support schemes recently defined by the ECJ and by the European Commission.
The discussion about energy perspectives beyond 2020, up to 2030 and eventually 2050 has started. There seems to be a verbal consensus on the necessity of ambitious climate change mitigation policies, without a convincing perspective of the necessary policy decisions to be reached in due time. Methods to achieve greenhouse gas reduction as well as
Présentation de l'éditeur : "Renewable Energy has become a game changer in Europe and on the national energy markets. It has started from fairly low participation in the market in the last decade of the last century, mostly driven by traditional hydro and some biomass use, becoming the big winner in new capacity in Europe and worldwide as of to date. Nowadays, access of renewables to the market is being organized differently in the EU 28 Member States with some established patterns such as priority gird access and a majority of countries having used various feed-in mechanisms now, steered by the Directorate General for Competition of the EU Commission towards auctioning systems. We have seen progress and roll-back, legal and investor certainty or the opposite. More and more it is no longer so much about market access of renewables but about a new market design. Incumbent Energy production becomes the obstacle for system change. The coming decade until 2030 will have further barriers to jump but the pathway towards sustainability is set, with different speed restrictions in the various Member States. A look over the big pond to the United States gives further fruitful insight. This new book Volume III - Renewable Energy in the Member States of the EU focuses from a broad perspective on the latest development in the EU Member States in the renewable energy sector as well as on energy efficiency. It also describes energy market legislation with a special focus on market design and system integration including support mechanisms, grid access, licensing, planning, auto production, interconnection, network planning and security of supply. It also elaborates on structural fund use within this sector."
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides a systematic approach to legislation and legal practice concerning energy resources and production in Germany. The book describes the administrative organization, regulatory framework, and relevant case law pertaining to the development, application, and use of such forms of energy as electricity, gas, petroleum, and coal, with attention as needed to the pervasive legal effects of competition law, environmental law, and tax law. A general introduction covers the geography of energy resources, sources and basic principles of energy law, and the relevant governmental institutions. Then follows a detailed description of specific legislation and regulation affecting such factors as documentation, undertakings, facilities, storage, pricing, procurement and sales, transportation, transmission, distribution, and supply of each form of energy. Case law, intergovernmental cooperation agreements, and interactions with environmental, tax, and competition law are explained. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for energy sector policymakers and energy firm counsel handling cases affecting Germany. It will also be welcomed by researchers and academics for its contribution to the study of a complex field that today stands at the foreground of comparative law.
