This practical book features more than 1000 questions and answers with illustrations for pediatric neurologists, adult neurologists, general pediatricians and students taking their initial board examination and maintenance of certification. All questions are in multiple choice format and followed by the correct answer with a full explanation and appropriate references. Chapters are sectioned by different topics in pediatric neurology, including Epilepsy, Metabolic Disorders and Movement Disorders and other topics. Timely and thorough, this is a handy and succinct resource.
This 6th Edition, offers you a practical assistance in diagnosing and managing the primary neurologic disorders of childhood. Simply look up the presenting symptoms, and you'll be guided step by step through evaluation and management. Thorough coverage for each neurological disease clearly defines age at onset, course of illness, clinical features, and treatment options. Differential diagnosis tables and treatment algorithms expedite clinical decision making.
Bacterial meningitis (BM) remains a major global challenge. Globally, Hib, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis cause about 90% of cases of BM beyond the neonatal period. After colonization of the upper respiratory tract by one of these pathogens, invasion occurs across the epithelium. Following entry into the bloodstream, bacteria survive through evasion of the complement system. Once into the CSF, bacteria multiply very actively. The clinical features of BM depend on the age of the patient, duration of illness, the pathogen involved, and host response to infection. Major neurological findings include meningeal signs, altered consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and focal findings. Complications such as prolonged fever, seizures, subdural effusions, subdural empyema, and brain abscesses occur with variable frequencies. History, physical examination, and lumbar puncture are essential steps to establish the diagnosis of BM and should be performed before the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Blood tests and CSF examination are essential for the diagnosis of BM. Various clinical scores have been recently developed to predict the risk of BM. Children with BM should be monitored for anticipated complications. Prompt initiation of therapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents given at correct dosage is essential in the management of these patients.
The child is neither an adult miniature nor an immature human being: at each age, it expresses specific abilities that optimize adaptation to its environment and development of new acquisitions. Diseases in children cover all specialties encountered in adulthood, and neurology involves a particularly large area, ranging from the brain to the striated muscle, the generation and functioning of which require half the genes of the whole genome and a majority of mitochondrial ones. Human being nervous system is sensitive to prenatal aggression, is particularly immature at birth and development may be affected by a whole range of age-dependent disorders distinct from those that occur in adults. Even diseases more often encountered in adulthood than childhood may have specific expression in the developing nervous system. The course of chronic neurological diseases beginning before adolescence remains distinct from that of adult pathology – not only from the cognitive but also motor perspective, right into adulthood, and a whole area is developing for adult neurologists to care for these children with persisting neurological diseases when they become adults. Just as pediatric neurology evolved as an identified specialty as the volume and complexity of data became too much for the general pediatician or the adult neurologist to master, the discipline has now continued to evolve into so many subspecialties, such as epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, stroke, malformations, neonatal neurology, metabolic diseases, etc., that the general pediatric neurologist no longer can reasonably possess in-depth expertise in all areas, particularly in dealing with complex cases. Subspecialty expertise thus is provided to some trainees through fellowship programmes following a general pediatric neurology residency and many of these fellowships include training in research. Since the infectious context, the genetic background and medical practice vary throughout the world, this diversity needs to be represented in a pediatric neurology textbook. Taken together, and although brain malformations (H. Sarnat & P. Curatolo, 2007) and oncology (W. Grisold & R. Soffietti) are covered in detail in other volumes of the same series and therefore only briefly addressed here, these considerations justify the number of volumes, and the number of authors who contributed from all over the world. Experts in the different subspecialties also contributed to design the general framework and contents of the book. Special emphasis is given to the developmental aspect, and normal development is reminded whenever needed – brain, muscle and the immune system. The course of chronic diseases into adulthood and ethical issues specific to the developing nervous system are also addressed. A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care
This book provides recommendations for evaluation and therapy in the area of acute pediatric neurology; these are presented didactically with frequent use of illustrations and algorithms. Chapters in the first part of the book discuss presenting symptoms of acute neurological conditions. The second part of the book covers major areas of acute pediatric neurology and each of these chapters has three key elements: description of presenting symptoms; recommended assessments; and recommended interventions. Acute Pediatric Neurology provides an accessible, clinically focused guide to assist physicians in the emergency ward or intensive care unit in decisions on diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in all major acute pediatric neurological diseases.
Current Management in Child Neurology, Third Edition aims to provide busy practitioners with standard-of-care reviews on the evaluation and treatment of the most common complaints or conditions that relate to nervous system disorders and dysfunction. The book is designed to supplement standard textbooks that provide detailed information on etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic controversies in pediatric clinical neuroscience. This edition contains three sections and 98 chapters written by highly respected leaders in the field. It builds upon the success of previous editions by offering succinct updated reviews of the superb second edition chapters by 46 senior authors, 37 reviews by new authors, and 15 reviews by new authors on new topics. In the first section, Clinical Practice Trends, the reader will find data on the most common outpatient and inpatient conditions, insights into educational trends, pearls on conducting a meaningful neurologic examination, information on key Web sites, and advice on excelling at the art of medicine. In The Office Visit section, subheadings are organized according to the frequency of conditions in the office or clinic setting. The section offers management reviews in headache, seizures, epilepsy, neurobehavioral disorders, school readiness, developmental delay, and a range of other conditions. The final section, The Hospitalized Child, features 22 chapters addressing current therapy issues for trauma, meningitis and encephalitis, injury to the preterm and term brains, status epilepticus, and a host of other conditions associated with hospital care. Several chapters were added to this new edition, including selections on current pharmacotherapy for migraine, epilepsy, and ADHD, each with practitioner-friendly tables on drugs; one chapter was added on home management of breakthrough seizures. In addition, the Suggested Readings and Physician and Patient Resources sections of each chapter help trainees and caregivers do their homework about relevant conditions.
Since 1975, Dr. Kenneth Swaiman’s classic text has been the reference of choice for authoritative guidance in pediatric neurology, and the 6th Edition continues this tradition of excellence with thorough revisions that bring you fully up to date with all that’s new in the field. Five new sections, 62 new chapters, 4 new editors, and a reconfigured format make this a comprehensive and clearly-written resource for the experienced clinician as well as the physician-in-training. Nearly 3,000 line drawings, photographs, tables, and boxes highlight the text, clarify key concepts, and make it easy to find information quickly. New content includes 12 new epilepsy chapters, 5 new cerebrovascular chapters, and 13 new neurooncology chapters, as well as new chapters on neuroimmunology and neuromuscular disorders, as well as chapters focused on clinical care (e.g., Counseling Families, Practice Guidelines, Transitional Care, Personalized Medicine, Special Educational Law, Outcome Measurements, Neurorehabilitation, Impact of Computer Resources, and Training Issues). Additional new chapters cover topics related to the developmental connectome, stem cell transplantation, and cellular and animal models of neurological disease. Greatly expanded sections to increase your knowledge of perinatal acquired and congenital disorders, neurodevelopmental disabilities, pediatric epilepsy, and nonepileptiform paroxysmal disorders and disorders of sleep. Coverage of new, emerging, or controversial topics includes developmental encephalopathies, non-verbal learning disorders, and the pharmacological and future genetic treatment of neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Comprehensive and accessible, Pediatric Neurology is the first reference designed for trainees and nonspecialists in search of targeted information on the diagnosis and management of neurologic conditions in children. Providing a broad window on the primary disorders seen in childhood, this book interweaves the expertise of field leaders from top national institutions to concisely distill the foundations of clinical pediatric neurology. Complete with up-to-date disease guidelines and evidence-based treatment recommendations, this book serves as a starting point for physicians and other health professionals who wish to delve into fundamentals of current pediatric neurology practice. Beginning with an overview of the clinical assessment of infants and children, the book features dedicated chapters to all major disorders and conditions likely to be encountered in the pediatric population. Chapters include current information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and approaches to management for each condition in addition to tables summarizing key takeaways and detailed illustrations. Using plain language and a clear presentation of information throughout, the book is packed with the clinical wisdom needed for tackling such a complex field. With special emphasis on essential patient care concepts, Pediatric Neurology is the trusted resource for residents, general neurologists, pediatricians, medical students, and other practitioners who care for children and adolescents with neurological disease. Key Features: Introduces the foundations of clinical pediatric neurology Multi-purpose resource for point-of-care use, clinical rotations, or board preparation Organized by disease category to enhance accessibility and retrieval of key information Features chapters written by leading educators and clinicians in the field Incorporates up-to-date disease guidelines, latest FDA-approved drugs, and evidence-based treatment recommendations
Taking a practical, easy-to-reference signs and symptoms approach, Fenichel’s Clinical Pediatric Neurology, 8th Edition, provides a solid foundation in the diagnosis and management of primary neurologic disorders of childhood while bringing you fully up to date with recent developments in the field. It offers step-by-step, authoritative guidance that considers each presenting symptom in terms of differential diagnosis and treatment, reflecting real-life patient evaluation and management. Perfect for board exam preparation, office use, or residency reference, this well-organized, revised edition is an ideal introduction to this complex and fast-changing field. Includes a new chapter on genetics in relation to epilepsy, autism, and many neurometabolic disorders, with up-to-date coverage of genetic testing, diagnosis, and pharmacogenomics. Brings you up to date with the new definition of status epilepticus; new guidelines for Lennox Gastaut syndrome; new FDA-approved drugs for epilepsy, ADHD, dystonia, and more; new data on sudden infant death syndrome; and revised consensus criteria which unifies the concepts of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Defines age at onset, course of illness, clinical features, and treatment options for each neurological disease, all logically organized by neurological signs and symptoms in a highly templated format. Features weighted differential diagnosis tables and treatment algorithms that help you quickly identify the more common and most treatable neurological disorders, as well as evaluate and manage the most difficult neurodegenerative disorders, including those caused by inborn errors of metabolism. Shares the knowledge and experience of Dr. J. Eric Piña-Garza, MD, a longtime associate and protégé of Dr. Gerald Fenichel, and Dr. Kaitlin C. James, Medical Director of the Pediatric Epilepsy Monitoring Unit at Vanderbilt Children's Hospital.
This book is a complete guide to paediatric neurology for clinicians. Beginning with an overview of potential pitfalls in neurological examination of children, the following chapters discuss the diagnosis and management of numerous neurological disorders that may be encountered in daily paediatric practice. Topics covered include cerebral palsy, Guillan-Barré Syndrome, febrile seizures, muscle disorders, cerebral edema, epilepsy, neurogenic bladder dysfunction and much more. Each section is presented with an emphasis on the importance of accurate clinical examination, and covers all the latest developments and management strategies. The comprehensive text is highly illustrated with clinical images and diagrams to enhance learning. Key Points Comprehensive guide to paediatric neurology Covers diagnosis and management of numerous disorders with emphasis on importance of accurate clinical examination Includes discussion on potential pitfalls in neurological examination of children Highly illustrated with clinical photographs and diagrams
The autistic spectrum currently encompasses common precocious behaviourally identified constellations of social and communication atypicalities associated with restricted interests and repetitive behavior, together with uneven ability profiles. It is associated with multiple but heterogeneous genetic, functional, and structural variations whose established links with an autistic behavioral phenotype are as yet minimal. Strong evidence of high heritability contrasts with limited determination of genes and modes of transmission involved. Adaptation and outcomes vary widely according to opportunities, accommodation, and co-occurring conditions. With current diagnostic practices, multiple genetic conditions overlap with the autistic spectrum, with potential for confusion arising from phenocopies. Recent advances question the often presumed association between autism and intellectual disability and/or epilepsy. Autism is currently understood as a final common phenotypical pathway resulting from an indefinite number of genetic variations, possibly involving the same information processing pathways, and producing a variant in the way humans perceive, memorize, manipulate, and attribute emotional value to available information. Findings plausibly converge on more optional, rather than typically mandatory, hierarchies of information processing as fundamental to autism. Adaptation of education and employment according to individual strengths and needs, as well as attention to co-occurring conditions as necessary, remains today the best way to assist autistic individuals.
The child is neither an adult miniature nor an immature human being: at each age, it expresses specific abilities that optimize adaptation to its environment and development of new acquisitions. Diseases in children cover all specialties encountered in adulthood, and neurology involves a particularly large area, ranging from the brain to the striated muscle, the generation and functioning of which require half the genes of the whole genome and a majority of mitochondrial ones. Human being nervous system is sensitive to prenatal aggression, is particularly immature at birth and development may be affected by a whole range of age-dependent disorders distinct from those that occur in adults. Even diseases more often encountered in adulthood than childhood may have specific expression in the developing nervous system. The course of chronic neurological diseases beginning before adolescence remains distinct from that of adult pathology – not only from the cognitive but also motor perspective, right into adulthood, and a whole area is developing for adult neurologists to care for these children with persisting neurological diseases when they become adults. Just as pediatric neurology evolved as an identified specialty as the volume and complexity of data became too much for the general pediatician or the adult neurologist to master, the discipline has now continued to evolve into so many subspecialties, such as epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, stroke, malformations, neonatal neurology, metabolic diseases, etc., that the general pediatric neurologist no longer can reasonably possess in-depth expertise in all areas, particularly in dealing with complex cases. Subspecialty expertise thus is provided to some trainees through fellowship programmes following a general pediatric neurology residency and many of these fellowships include training in research. Since the infectious context, the genetic background and medical practice vary throughout the world, this diversity needs to be represented in a pediatric neurology textbook. Taken together, and although brain malformations (H. Sarnat & P. Curatolo, 2007) and oncology (W. Grisold & R. Soffietti) are covered in detail in other volumes of the same series and therefore only briefly addressed here, these considerations justify the number of volumes, and the number of authors who contributed from all over the world. Experts in the different subspecialties also contributed to design the general framework and contents of the book. Special emphasis is given to the developmental aspect, and normal development is reminded whenever needed – brain, muscle and the immune system. The course of chronic diseases into adulthood and ethical issues specific to the developing nervous system are also addressed. A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care
